Typewriting machine



Jan. 1, 1935.

B. c. STlCK N EY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed March 19, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 L. I I I Jan. 1, 1935. I ac. STICKNEY 1,985,959

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed March 19, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 1, 1935 UNITED STATES TYPEWRITIN G MACHINE Burnham C. Stickney, Hillside, N. J., assignor to Underwood Elliott Fisher Company, New York, N. Y., a. corporation of Delaware Application March 19,

34 Claims.

This invention relates to adjustable line-spacing mechanism of typewriting machines, in which there are provided two independentlyadjustable regulating keys, one of which deter- 5 mines the measurement of the line-space unit, and the other of which determines how many units shall be included in the line-spacing stroke of platen or work-sheet.

The objects of the invention are to produce a 10 simple, inexpensive, reliable and durable mechanism of this class, especially one that can be readily incorporated in machines of standard manufacture.

One feature of the invention is a unit into which the regulating members are built for ready attachment to an Underwood standard front-strike typewriting machine. In said machine, the platen shifts up and down for bringing differenttypes into use, but the line-spacing main carriage, and so does not shift. The present invention discloses a non-shifting line-spacing lever mounted upon the Underwood machine in place of the standard lever and using the same bearing.

A feature of the invention is in the nature of a compound regulating train, no part of which moves during the line-spacing operation. From the platen-driving train itself all adjustable features may be eliminated; The extent to which the platen is rotated, by means of the unadjustable platen-driving train, depends wholly upon the compound adjustment of the stationary regulating train. Thus is gained an advantage in eliminating adjustable parts from thedriving train, which is capable of rotating the platen to the maximum, while the extent of the platen rotation is minutely variable by the use of the compound regulating train, the latter determining at what point the non-regulatable driving train will become clutched tov the line-space wheel. The driving train is normally unclutched from the wheel, so as to permit free rotation of the platen forward or backwardly.

The regulating train is universally adjustable at one of its ends for obtaining any measurement of line-space unit within the limits of the machine. Said train is also independently adjustable at the other end for determining how many units shall be included in each line-spacing stroke of the platen. An advantage is gained in confining all the adjustments to atrain which is entirely stationary at the linespacing operation.

There is preferably employed a line-space and carriage-return handle is mounted upon the 1930, Serial No. 436,923

ratchet-wheel which is connected by movementreducing gearing to drive the platen. This is done for the purpose of using ratchet-teeth of minute pitch, so that there will be numerous teeth included in even the smallest stroke of said 5 ratchet-wheel. This is done with a view to minimizing possible error in the platen movements, so that irregularity, if any, may be imperceptible to the eye and negligible.

The invention provides for said ratchet-wheel to be driven by a pawl that is pivoted upon an arm (mounted concentrically with the ratchetwheel) driven by the line-space lever, but without the intervention of a movement-multiplying train of toothed gearing between the line-space lever and the pawl-lever. It is contrived to mount the line-space lever upon a pivotal bearing where the lever is usually mounted in an Underwood machine. Said lever, having only the usual length of stroke, rotates said pawl-arm through a much greater arc, so that the use of toothed multiplying gearing is renderedunnecessary.

The line-space lever turns'upon a vertical pivot, and the line-space wheel also turns upon a vertical pivot, the latter intersecting the platen-axis. The wheel and line-space lever are so placed that a line joining the line-spacelever pivot to the wheel-axis may be extended to bisect the are which is traversed by the pivot which connects the pawl to the arm. Said arc is on the opposite side of the line-space-wheel arbor from the fulcrum of the line-space lever.

A long arm of said lever extends rearwardly from its fulcrum past said line-space-wheel arbor, and forms a pin-and-slot connection to the pawl-driving arm, so that the swinging of the line-space lever through a relatively short are has the e'ifect of successfully-driving the pawlarm through a relatively long arc, say 110 degrees or more.

The slot-and-pin connection permits the upand-down case-shifting movement of the linespace wheel and appurtenances while the linespace lever does not shift. This establishes a very practical and reliable connection between the line-space lever and the pawl-arm, without need for accurate manufacture or for adjustment, or for taking up wear.

The driving pawl is clutched to the line-space wheel at any required point; and upon the return stroke it is withdrawn from the line-space wheel at the same point. During the remainder of the return stroke, the pawl rides idly upon a dwell which is curved concentrically to the line spa'ce wheel and pawl-driving arm.

- The clutching and unclutching cam-member can be adjusted around the line-space-wheel arbor by the combination of two adjustments, one

of which is in the form of a forwardly and rearwardly adjustable fulcrum for the rear end of a regulating lever; the other adjustment including a series of fixed notches for engagement by a spring-detent that is carried by the front end of the regulating lever. It is only necessary to push the lever to the right or left to the desired point, the detent yielding to the push and snapping into the desired notch.

Said regulating lever is pivoted between its ends upon a swing-arm, to which the clutchreleasing cam is fixed, and which isadjustable around the axis of the line-space wheel, this adjustment being partly under the control of said device which adjusts the regulating fulcrum forwardly and backwardly, and partly under the control of said regulating lever and said notches and detent.

Said fulcrum-pin works in a slot in the lever which is radial to the point where said lever is pivoted to said clutch-releasing swing-arm, with the result that when the regulating lever is swung to the extreme right, its slot coincides with a fixed diagonal line along which the fulcrum-pin is adjustable. This is the zero position of the line-space regulator.

It will be understood that all drive-strokes, of whatever length, must terminate at the same point, at which point the drive-pawl engages a fixed stop that prevents overthrow of the linespace wheel and platen. In other words, the point of clutching is variable, but the point of ending of the drive-stroke is always the same, because overthrow must be prevented, regardless of the length of stroke. Hence the pawl must always reach the stop, regardless of the adjustment of the regulating lever. Hence it is provided that the fulcrum-pin may be adjusted to any extent when the lever-slot is in zero position, without stirring the pawl-lever, this position being the unvarying stopping position for the pawl at all drive-strokes.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly broken away, showing the novel line-spacing mechanism substituted for the standard mechanism in an Underwood front-strike typewriting machine. The parts are shown in normal positions.

Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the line-spacing mechanism.

Figure 3 is a sectional end elevation of the Underwood platen-frame with the present improvements applied thereto. The 'parts are shown in normal positions.

Figure 4 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of the supporting table, indicating the method of securing minute variations in the lengthof the line-space unit, and also showing a thumb-wheel which is connected through a movementereducing mechanism -to rotate the platen.

Figure 5 is a sectional front elevation of the platen-frame and a novel bracket attached thereto, with line-space ratchet-wheel, the small pinion driven thereby, and the large platengear meshing with the pinion.

Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating different adjustments of the line-space regulator, etc.

Figure 7 is a sectional front elevation through the supporting bracket or table seen at Figure 5, and illustrating the method of mounting the line-space regulator fulcrum-pin for adjustment.

Figure 8 is a plan illustrating the arrest of the line-spacing mechanism by means of stop 43 at the conclusion of the drive stroke.

The invention is illustrated in the form of a manufactured unit ready for attachment to the carriage of an Underwood typewriter, after having removed the regular line-spacing devices therefrom. Use is made of the old bearings in said typewriter-carriage.

A carriage-returning and line-spacing handle 10 projects forwardly from beneath a table 11, forming part of a bracket having formed on its right-hand edge a descending vertical supporting plate 12. At its bottom the plate is provided at 13 with a flange which is secured by the usual screws 14 to the usual platen-frame end 15 of the typewriter-carriage. A platen 17 is journaled in said platen-frame by means of an axle 18 having at its end a hand-wheel 19. -The main carriage is indicated at 20.

, Said handle 10 is a lever of the first order, which turns about a vertical stationary pivotpost,21 which is in the form of a shouldered stud set down into a bearing 21 which is usually provided in said paper-carriage 20 for the line-space handle pivot. The stud is fastened down by a screw 21*. Neither the carriage nor the line-space handle partakes of the up-anddown shifting movement of the platen-frame. The line-space lever itself is non-regulatable, that is, it is unprovided with means for adjusting it or its fulcrum for regulating the line-spacing, but is' merely pivoted upon the single fixed bearing 21.

Said lever extends rearwardly from its hearing 21 in the form of a bent arm 23, which at its rear end has an open slot 24 to engage a driving pin or roll 25 that is provided upon the rear end of an arm 26, the latter being part of a lever which has a hub 27 and an opposite or forwardly directed arm 28. Upon this arm 28 is pivoted at 29 a line-space pawl 30 having a multiplicity of finely-spaced teeth 31.

The office of this pawl is to drive a line-space wheel 32, also having finely-pitched teeth 38, said wheel being of mammoth diameter. The wheel is secured by a pin 33 to a vertical-arbor 34, to the lower part of which is fixed a bevel pinion 35, meshing with a large bevel gear 36 that is fastened by a screw 37 upon the platenaxle 18. By this train 'of movement-reducing gearing the line-space movements of the platen are rendered much smaller than the amplified driving movements of the line-space pawl 30.

In using the lever 10 to drive the carriage 20 from left to right at Figure 1, it swings about the fulcrum-post-21, and 'its rear end drives the pawl-lever 26, 28 counterclockwise, Figure 2, together with the pawl 30, which meshes with the teeth of the line-space wheel 32, and the latter, through the described train, rotates the platen 17. i

The vertical arbor 34 revolves in a fixed vertical shaft 40,-which depends from the table 11;

and the pawl-lever 26, 28 rocks about said ver stops 41, 42, rising from the platen-carriage 20.

. The maximum length of stroke is about 43 deextent to give the line-space wheel 32 a surface movement of about two inches in effecting the maximum line-space movement of the platen, which is about half an'inch.

The movement produced by lever 10 is thus amplified so as to give pawl 30 a long stroke, to permit the use of numerous teeth in the small compass of a line-space drive of the pawl, so that an error of a single tooth would be so small, when compared with the great number of teeth in a line-space wheel movement, that such error may be negligible. The device provides practically a universal clutch between the lever 10 and the platen 17. The reason for making the line-space wheel of mammoth diameter. and providing it with very minute teeth is that it may be rotated to the desired maximum by means of the levers 23, 26, thereby securing this negligibility without the necessity of providing a train of toothed gearwheels between line-space lever and line-space wheel. This amplified movement of pawl and wheel is compensated for by the use of the movement-reducing train to the platen. Owing to the fineness of the pitch of the teeth, sufllciently accurate spacing of the platen is secured for all kinds of adjustments of stroke of the line-spacing mechanism.

The drive stroke of the line-space lever is arrested by an overthrow stop 43 which is fixed to the vertical plate 12 to engage a beveled head 44 of the line-space pawl, see Figure 8. The stop 42 on the carriage may be omitted if desired. The stop 43 locks the pawl into the teeth 38, preventing overthrow of the wheel 32 and the platen.

The drive pin or roll 25 is lengthened to accommodate the up-and-down shifting movements of the platen relatively to the line-space lever-arm 23. The extent of this shift is indicated by dot-and-dashline at Figure 3, showing the position occupied by the top of the table 11 at the up-shifted position. A clearance is left between the arm 23 and the pawl-lever 26, to allow for the platen-shifting operation. The pawl-lever hub 27 is mounted upon theqertical shaft 40. To the end of the arm 28 is staked a stud 47, to which is pivoted the hub of the drive pawl 30.

For stiffness the roll 25 may be carried by a pair of arms, the upper being designated as 261' and fixed upon said hub 27 of the pawl-lever. These spaced arms 26 and 26" may be rigidly joined by a shoulder-screw 26 carrying said roll 25, whereby springing of the parts in operation is avoided.

It will be seen that the line-space lever may be returned by a spring 48 coiled about its hub 49. This hub is made of considerable height, to permit the finger-piece 50 of the line-space lever to occupy its usual low place in the typewriting machine, while the arm 23 of the lever .the next drive stroke.

is elevated sufficiently to clear the pawl-lever 26 when the latter shifts up with the platen.

The multiple toothed pawl 30 is swung quickly into mesh with the line-space wheel 32 at the beginning of the drive stroke of the handle 10, by means of a spring 51, Figure 1, which is connected at one end to a pin 52 on the pawl, and at the other end to an ear 53 on the drive arm 28.

This meshing movement of the pawl is under .the control of a trip or cam 54, which is-universally adjustable about the main shaft '40, and permits the clutch 31, 38 to close at the proper point under the tension of said spring.

This cam 54 lies in the path of a releasing shoulder 55 that is formed upon the pawl. The

cam 54 lies in the path of the shoulder 55,, so

pawl, and also its re-engagement with the wheel upon the succeeding operation, may be properly timed throughout all of the variations in the measurement of the line-space unit which are securable by a novel line-space regulating train. This train has separate adjustments. It is capable of one kind of adjustment for determining how many line-space units shall compose the stroke of the platen, and it is also capable of a different and independent adjustment for varying minutely the length of such linespace unit.

Included in the line-space regulating mechanism is means for mounting said trip or cam 54 so that it can be set 'rotatably to different positions about the vertical shaft 40. Such adjustment is concentric with the movement of the pawl-carrying arm 28, whereby the cam 54 may be swung around to different points in the path of the shoulder 55 of the returning pawl 30, so that the pawl (which may ride freely back over the teeth 38 of the line-space wheel) will be clutched to said wheel at the desired point at Thus the length of drive of the wheel and the extent of the line-space movement of the platen may be predetermined.

As will be seen at Figure 8, said cam 54 is formed upon the end of an arm having the form of a plate or web 56, which is pivoted upon the fixed shaft '40. Said arm 56 is provided with a long arcuate dwell 57 that is concentric with 40. The dwell terminats' at its outer end at said cam 54, whereby thepawl, when once released from the wheel, is maintained out of engagement therewith by the engagement of said circular dwell 57 with the shoulder 55, see Figure 1.

The plate 56 carrying the cam 54 has an adjustment train. .For this purpose, itis connected by an integral vertical web 58 with an overlying or parallel arm 59, Figures 1 and 3. The members 56, 58(59 form a bail, and arm 59 overlies the upper member 26 of the pawl drive, and is pivoted upon the main shaft 40 above the arm 26 and. preferably separated therefrom by a washer.

For effecting delicate rotative adjustments of e the bail-members 56, 58, 59 about the shaft 40, there is employed a regulator lever.62, 63 which is pivoted at 60 to an arm 61, which extends forwardly of the vertical shaft 40; said arm 61 being integral with 59, and being useful for setting said line-space regulating cam 54 to the required location.

Said arm 61 it will be seen is pivoted at 60 to said regulator lever 62, 63, between the ends of the latter, means being provided for effecting adjustment at each end of said lever independently of the other end. One adjustment (at the rear end of the lever 62, 63) determines the measurement of the line-space unit. The other of the adjustments (at the: forward end of the lever) determines through how many of such units the platen shall be rotated at each stroke of the carriage-returning lever 10. Each of said adjustments is independent of the other.

Rearwardly-extending arm 62 of said regulator lever is bowed around the main shaft 40, and the forwardly-extending arm 63 has on its front end a finger-piece 64, which determines the number of line-space units that are to be included in each platen-stroke. Pivot 60 is forward of the vertical shaft 40 about which the arm 61 rotates, while the arm 62 is lengthened rearwardly past said shaft 40.

Said regulator lever 62, 63 is a lever of the second order, working at its rear and upon a stationary fulcrum-pin 65, which engages a longitudinal slot 66 in the lever, said slot preferably radial to the pivot 60. Thus the regulator lever is articulated between its ends at 60 to cam-lever or frame 61, 59, 58, 56, while at its rear end the line-space regulator is in engagement with the stationary vertical fulcrum 65, which is adjustable forwardly and rearwardly for the purpose of shortening and lengthening the lever-arm 62. The slot 66 permits such adjustment of the lever without displacing the same fore and aft, since the lever remains articulated at 60 to the arm 61 pivoted at 40.

The lever 63 may be supported and guided upon a bar 63 curved to agree with the front flange 81 of the table 11, and suitably secured thereto by means of screws 63 63, Figure 3.

The fulcrum-pin 65 may be adjusted along a diagonal line 6'7, Figure 2. Such adjustment may be effected by means of a finger-piece 68, surmounting a short stem 69, which fits in a guide-slot '70 formed in the table 11 at Figure 4. This stem 69 is fixedupon the forward end of a slide '75 (underlying table 11) from the rear end of which slide said fulcrum-pin 65 depends. By this means said fulcrum-pin can be slidden along a diagonal guide-slot '71, which is formed in a fixed guide-plate '72. The rear end of the guide-plate is riveted at '73 to the under side of table 11, while the front end is perforated and held fast upon a neck '74. The line 6'7 at Figure 2 indicates the center line of said guide-slot '71. I

The slide '75 is guided in the slot '70- by the stem 69, and is also guided in the slot '71 (parallel with '70) by the upper portion of the fulcrum-pin 65, one guide-slot being spaced behind the other, so that binding is avoided. This slide may have a finger '76 bent down around and under slotted arm 62, to afford a support for the latter, near. fulcrum-pin 65, Figure '7.

The finger-piece 68 is provided with an index- 77 to co-operate with a scale '78 upon the table or top plate 11. When the fulcrum-pin 65 is at its rearmost location, the length of each linespace unit will be, say one-ninth of an inch. When said fulcrum-pin is adjusted to its foremost position, the line-space unit measurement will be about one-sixth of an inch. The graduations '78 may be numbered accordingly, to indicate six, seven, eight or nine units to the inch, with fractional graduations.

It will be understood from Figure 2 that when the fulcrum-pin 65 is adjusted forwardly along its diagonal path 67, the fulcrum-pin 65 will have a camming effect upon an edge of the slot 66, and will thereby swing the line-space regulating lever 62, 63 about a point where its spring-detent 79 rests in a notch 80 formed in the under edge of the table-flange 81. The pivot 60 and arm 61 will gradually swing around the main vertical shaft 40, thereby adjusting the cam-frame 59, 58, 56 and the cam 54 mounterclockwise, whereby the cam may be set for a shorter line-space unit. To secure a minimum line-space unit, adjustment of the fulcrum-pin 65 is continued to the extreme forward end of its path 67, or to the extreme forward end of the guide-slot '71, Figure 4. By setting the handle 68 back, the line-space unit may be lengthened.

The adjustment of the fulcrum-pin 65 is only for the purpose of effecting minute variations in the measurement of the line-space unit, and for this purpose it is universally adjustable regardless of which one of the regulating notches 80 may be occupied by the detent '79 upon the regulator lever 63.

The spring-detent '79 may be fastened by screws 82 to the regulator arm 63, and the notches 80 may beformed at measured intervals to equal either one-half, one, one and a quarter, one and a half, one and three-quarters, two, two and a half or three line-space units, regardless of the measurement of the unit. During this adjustment of thearm 63, it swings about the fulcrum-pin 65 wherever the latter may have been adjusted, and the effect of the movement of the lever 63 is to adjust the articulation 60 and the arm 61 and the remainder of the cam-frame to a new setting around the 'main vertical shaft 40. It is only necessary to press the finger-piece 64 to the right or left, and it may be left in any desired notch, the

'notches being appropriately numbered.

The diagonal line 6'7 is fixed. It coincides with the slot 66 when the lever 63 is swung to the left to a zero position, that is, when the cam 54 is in position to encounter the pawl shoulder 55 as the latter is at or close to the end ofits drive stroke seen at Figure 8. When the slot 66 is in such a position, it will be seen that the fulcrum-pin 65 may be adjusted along the slot without stirring the regulator lever 62, 63. At any adjustment of the fulcrum-pin 65, the .pawl stroke is measured from the Figure 8 position.' It is desired that at the end of every drive stroke, regardless of the adjustment of 65, the pawl-head shall engage the lock-stop 43. In other words, the return stroke of the pawl may terminate at variable points, but its drive stroke ends always at the same point, as at Fig-- ure 8, The fixed guide-slot line 6'7 coincides with the position of the slot 66 (radial to-60) when the regulator lever 63 it swung counterclockwise to the limit.

It will be observed that the swinging camcarrying frame 56, 58, 59 is regulated by means of a lever pivoted thereto at 60, the pivoting being between the ends of the lever, and independent adjustments being provided at said lever-ends, in combination with a driving pawl that is mounted upon an arm that is pivoted concentrically with said cam-frame and with the ratchet-wheel, and is directly operable by the non-adjustable lever 10 having a fixed fulcrum and swinging in a much smaller arc than pawl-arm 28.

Referring again to the main vertical shaft 40, it will be observed that its shoulder 74 butts up against fixed guide-plate '12, the latter bearing up against a fixed washer 83 that is confined against the under side of the table or plate 11. The fixed shaft 40 has a threaded end 84 extending up through the table, and a nut 85 is threaded upon said shaft 40 to draw the parts up rigidly to the table.

The arms 26, 26, with their hub 27, are loosely confined upon the shaft 40, the hub having a lower end which rests upon the wheel 32. Above the arm 26 is a washer 87 separating it from arm 59, the latter being confined against the bottom of the shoulder 74.

The shaft 34 may be surmounted by a fingerpiece 86, for rotating the platen slowly by means of the movement-reducing train 35, 36.

The plate 12 may be attached to the old bearings in the platen-frame by means of side screws 88, 89, in addition to the top screws 14. The lower end of the arbor 34 may be guided in a horizontal flange 90, mounted upon a vertical plate 91, secured by screws 92 to studs 93 attached to the outer face of the plate 12.

At Figure 6 the line-space regulator lever 62, 63 is represented by a full line A, as standing at its extreme adjustment for securing a platenmovement equal to three line-space units. The

fulcrum-pin 65 is shown at the left in position for maximum length of unit.

There is also shown in dot-and-dash line at C the position of. the line-space regulator lever 62, 63 for three line-space units, each of minimum length, the fulcrum 65 of said lever being at its extreme inward and forward position.

There is also shown at Figure 6, in a dotted line at B, the adjusted position of the lever 62, 63 for securing the platen-movement equal to one and a half units, each of maximum length. This is the same with its minimum length.

There is also shown in the line represented by double dot-and-dash line D the position of said regulator lever for securing a movement equal to one and a half units, each of minimum size.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a driving train mounted upon the machine for an unvarying length of stroke, of line-space regulating means mounted upon the machine independently of said driving train and stationary during the line-' spacing operation, said regulating means including one device that is adjustable for varying the measurement of the line-space unit and also including another device that is variable for determining how many units shall be included in each line-spacing action of the typewriting machine.

2. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a driving train mounted upon the machine for an unvarying length of stroke, of line-space regulating means mounted upon the machine independently 01 said,

driving train and stationary during the linespacing operation, said regulating means including one device that is adjustable for varying the measurement of the line-space unit and also including another device that is variable for determining how many units shall be included in each line-spacing action of the typewriting machine, said machine including a carriage, and said line-spacing mechanism being mounted upon said carria e, and including a carriage-returning handle forming part of the line-spacing drive-train.

3. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a driving train mounted upon the machine for an unvarying length of stroke, of line-space regulating means mounted upon the machine independently of said driving train and stationary during the linespacing operation, said regulating means including one device that is adjustable for varying the measurement of the line-space unit and also including another device that is variable for determining how many, units shall be included in each line-spacing action of the typewriting machine, said machine including a carriage, a platen-frame being mounted upon said carriage for case-shifting, said driving train including a carriage-returning handle mounted upon the carriage and stationary during the case-shifting operation, the remainder of said drive train and the entire regulating train being all mounted upon the platen-frame to shift therewith, said remainder being loosely connected to said handle.

4. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a line-spaced member, of a line-space wheel to drive the same, a linespace drive-train having a clutch which is normally unclutched from said wheel, and a linespace regulating train entirely stationary during the operation of the drive-train and including an adjustable clutch-releaser that is eifective to release said clutch during the return stroke of the drive-train, said regulating train including a lever having a compound control over the position of said releaser, said lever having a fulcrum which is adjustable independently of said drive-train, to effect minute variations in the position of the releaser, and also having means whereby the lever may be set to difierent linespace positions independently of the adjustment of said fulcrum, to determine how many linespace units shall be included in the line-spacing stroke of the machine.

5. In a line-spacing mechanism for a typewriting machine, the combination with aline-space drive-train, of a regulating train wholly stationary during the line-spacing stroke, the drivetrain being unadjustable and the regulating train having adjustment at one point for efiecting minute regulation of the spacing and having independent adjustment at another point for effecting regulation of the number of spaces produced at each operation of the drive-train.

6. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a line-space member, of an unadjustable line-spacing drive-train, and a regulating train which is wholly stationary during the line-spacing operation, a normally open clutch being included in said drive-train, and said regulating train having means for determining the point at which the drive-train becomes clutched to the line-space member, said regulating train including a regulating memberwhose position is minutely variable for determining the extent of the line-space unit, and also inincluded in a line-spacing stroke.

7. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination of an unadjustable linespacing drive-train, and a regulating train which is wholly stationary during the line-spacing operation, a normally open clutch being included in said drive-train, and said regulating train having means for determining the point at which the drive-train becomes clutched to the linespace member, said regulating train being uni-- versally adjustable at one of its ends for obtaining any measurement of line-space unit, while it is also independently adjustable at its other end for determining how many units shall be-included in the line-spacing stroke.

8. In a typewriting machine having a carriage and a platen, the combination of a line-spacing drive-train including a uniform-stroke handle mounted upon the carriage to return the same, a line-space-wheel mechanism constructed for minutely variable strokes, the axis of the linespace wheel being parallel with the pivot of the handle, and the line-space wheel being connected to the platen by movement-reducing gearing, movement-multiplying means whereby said linespace wheel is rotated by said carriage-return handle, said multiplying means including both a rotatable long arm extending from said handle, and a relatively short arm driven thereby and pivoted concentrically with the line-space wheel, said long arm extending past the axis of the line-space wheel and imparting to the short arm a stroke of much greater angular extent than that of said carriage-return handle, a clutch upon said short arm, and a compound strokeregulating device mounted upon the machine independently of said drive-train and having means to control the releasing and clutching of the drive-train to the line-space wheel, and ineluding one universal adjustment for determining the measurement of the line-space unit and an independent adjustment for determining how many units shall be included in a line-space stroke of the platen.

- 9. Line-spacing mechanism as claimed in claim 8, in which the carriage-returning handle has a slotted connection with said short arm, said return handle being mounted upon the carriage and said carriage also having a case-shifting platen-frame upon which said line-space wheel and said short arm are mounted, a slotand-pin connection being provided between said line-space handle-and said short arm to permit up and down shifting of the short arm and linespace wheel relatively to the line-space handle.

10. In a typewriting machine having a carriage and a platen, the combination of a linespacing drive-train including a uniform-stroke handle mounted upon the carriage to return the same, a line-space wheel mechanism constructed for minutely variable strokes, the axis of the line-space wheel being parallel with the pivot of the handle, and the line-space wheel being connected to the platen by movement-reducing gearing, movement-multiplying means whereby said line-space wheel is rotated by said carriagereturn handle, said multiplying means including both a rotatable long arm extending from said handle, and a relatively short arm driven thereby and pivoted concentrically with the linespace wheel, said long arm extending past the axis of the line-space wheel and imparting to the short arm a stroke of much greater angular extent than that of said carriage-return handle, a clutch upon said short arm, and a compound stroke-regulating device mounted upon the machine independently of said drive-train and having means to control the releasing and clutching of the drive-train to the line-space wheel, and including one universal adjustment for determining the measurement of the linespace unit and an independent adjustment for determining how many units shall be included in a line-space stroke of the platen, said clutching and releasing means including a lever, a cam pivoted to said lever and mounted to swing concentrically with the line-space wheel, said cam having a dwell portion concentric with said line-space wheel to maintain the clutch released during the final portion of the return stroke of the line-space handle.

11. Ina typewriting machine having a carriage and a platen, the combination of a linespacing drive-train including a uniform-stroke handle mounted upon the carriage to return the same, a line-space wheel mechanism constructed for minutely variable strokes, the axis of the line-space wheel being parallel with the pivot of the handle, and the line-space wheel being connected to the platen by movement-reducing gearing, movement-multiplying means whereby .said line-space wheel is rotated by said carriage-return handle, said multiplying means including both a rotatable long arm extending from said handle, and a relatively short arm driven thereby and pivoted concentrically with the line-space wheel, said long arm extending past the axis of the line-space wheel and imparting to the short .arm a stroke of much greater angular extent than that of said carriage-return handle, a clutch upon said short arm, and a regulating lever pivoted between its ends upon an arm which is adjustable around the axis of the line-space wheel, said adjustment being partly under the combined control of a fulcrum-pin-adjusting device and a gross linespaceadjusting device.

12. In a typewriting machine having a carriage and a platen, the combination of a linespacing drive-train including a uniform-stroke handle mounted upon the carriage to return the same, a line-space wheel mechanism constructed for minutely variable strokes, the axis of the line-space wheel being parallel with the pivot of the handle, and the line-space wheel being connected to the platen by movement-reducing gearing, movement-multiplying means whereby said line-space wheel is rotated by said carriagereturn handle, said multiplying means including both a rotatable long arm extending from said handle, and a relatively short arm driven thereby and pivoted concentrically with the linespace wheel, said long arm extending past the axis of the line-space wheel and imparting to the short arm a stroke of much greater angular extent than that of said carriage-return handle, a clutch upon said short arm, and a regulating lever pivoted between its ends upon an arm which is adjustable around the axis of they line-space wheel, said adjustment being partly under the combined control of, a fulcrum-pinadjusting device and a gross line-space-adjusting device, said regulatinglever having a radial slot along which the fulcrum-pin is adjustable, means being provided for guiding the fulcrumpin in a direction which is coincident with the direction of said slot whenthe line-space regulating lever is substantially at zero position,

whereby the fulcrum-pin can be moved to any point without causing movement of the linespace regulator, to the end that the line-spacing drive stroke shall terminate at the same point regardless of the length of the stroke, means being provided for preventing overthrow of the line-space wheel and platen at the con-,

clusion of the drive stroke.

13. In a typewriting machine having a1 carriage, the combination of a carriage-returning handle pivoted upon said carriage in the form of a lever having a uniform length of stroke, and provided with a stop to limit its return stroke, said lever extending forwardly and rearwardly from its bearing and having at its rear end a slot, a platen in said carriage, a fine toothed ratchet-wheel of mammoth diameter mounted upon the platen-frame and having a beveled pinion meshing with the large platendriving beveled gear, an arm pivoted concentrically with said ratchet-wheel and having a pin to engage the slot in said lever, a line-space pawl mounted on said pin-arm for co-operation with said ratchet-wheel, a spring for said pawl. an arbor to which the wheel and beveled pinion are fixed, said pawl and its arm being driven counterclockwise by said carriage-returning handle, the maximum stroke of the line-space handle being about forty degrees, and the stroke of the pawl-arm being about one hundred and ten degrees, said line-space lever extending rearwardly beyond the pivot of said pawl-arm, and said pin-and-slot connection being inrear of said pivot, the pawl-arm being relatively short and the line-space lever being relatively long, the peripheral travel of the line-space wheel being about .two inches for effecting half an inch stroke of the platen, an overthrow-prevent- 'ing stop engageable by said pawl,.said platenframe being shiftable up and down while the line-space lever remains stationary, the pin on said pawl-arm or lev'er being lengthened, the arm carrying both said pin and said pawl being part of a frame -which includes a second arm which is also mounted upon said shaft and spaced from the first arm to leave-a space for the line-space lever between said arms, said pin rigidly joining said arms, and a cam adjustable about said arbor for unclutching the pawl from the line-space wheel.

14. Line-spacing mechanism as set forth in claim 13, having adjustable members for varying the position of said pawl-releasing cam, one adjustment for varying the measurement of the line-space unit and the other adjustment for determining how many units are to be included in a platen-stroke, said releasing cam being rotatable about said line-space wheel arbor and having a concentric cam portion for maintaining the pawl released during the idle part of the return stroke of the carriage-returning lever, a regulating lever being pivoted to said rotative cam-member at a point in front of the line-space arbor, said regulating lever having at its rear portion an adjustable fulcrum and having at its front portion a connection with a toothed rack, said lever having at its rear end a radial slot, a fulcrum-pin being mounted upon said platen-frame for adjustment in a direction coincident with said slot when said regulating lever is at about a zero position. v

15. The combination of a line-space wheel, a

line-space lever, a wheel-driving clutch, and a driver for said clutch, said driver operated by said lever, a line-space-regulator train which inleasing means, said regulator-train being also adjustable to different set stations, and means whereby the selective station setting of said regulator-train is alsomade effective to adjust the position of said clutch-releasing means.

16. The combination of a line-space wheel having teeth of minute pitch, a pawl therefor, a driver mounted to swing about the axis of said wheel for driving said pawl, means to operate said driver, a stop to arrest said pawl and linespace wheel, an arm adjustable about the axis of said wheel and having a segmental cam or ward for intercepting said pawl to release it upon the return stroke'of said driver and to main-.- tain the pawl released during the further return movement of said driver, a regulating lever pivoted to said releasing arm, an adjustable fulcrum for said lever for varying its leverage upon said arm, said lever having a slot, and

means for adjusting the fulcrum of said lever in the direction in which said slot extends when the lever is adjusted for minimum line-spacing.

17. The combination of a line-space wheel having teeth of minute pitch, a pawl therefor, a driver mounted to swing about the axis of said wheel for driving said pawl, means to operate said driver, a stop to arrest said pawl and linespace wheel, an arm adjustable about the axis of said wheel and having a segmental cam or ward for intercepting said pawl to release it upon the return stroke of said driver and to maintain the 'pawl released during the further return movement of said driver, a regulating lever pivoted to said releasing arm, an adjustable fulcrum for said lever for varying its leverage upon said arm, a rack co-operating with said lever to locate it selectively at set positions, said lever having a 'space wheel, an arm adjustable about the axis of said wheel and having a segmental cam or ward for intercepting said pawl to release it upon the return stroke of said driver and to maintain the pawl released during the further return movement of said driver, and a regulating lever pivoted to said releasing arm, an adjustable fulcrum for said lever'for varying its leverage upon said arm, a rack co-operating with said lever to locate it selectively at set positions, said lever having a slot, and means for adjusting the fulthe third order, the axis of the wheel being ber tween the adjustable fulcrum and the point of pivoting of said lever to said cam-arm.

19. In a typewriting machine having a carof a lever having a uniform length of stroke, and

provided with a stop to limit its return stroke, said lever extending forwardly and rearwardly from its bearing and having at its rear end a slot, a platen in-said carriage, a fine toothed ratchet-wheel of mammoth diameter mounted upon the platen-frame and having a beveled pinion meshing with the large platen-driving beveled gear, an arm pivoted concentrically with said ratchet-wheel and having a pin to engage the slot in said lever, a line-space pawl mounted on said pin-arm for co-operation with said ratchet-wheel, a spring for said pawl, an arbor to which the wheel and beveled pinion are fixed, said pawl and its arm being driven counterclockwise by said carriage-returning handle, the

Y maximum stroke of the line-space handle being about forty degrees, and the stroke of the pawlarm being about one hundred and ten degrees, said line-space lever extending rearwardly beyond the pivot of said pawl-arm, and said pinand-slot connection being in rear of said pivot, the pawl-arm being relatively short and the linespace lever being relatively long, the peripheral travel of the ratchet-wheel being about ,two inches for effecting half an inch stroke of the platen, an overthrow-preventing stop engageable by said pawl, said platen-frame being shiftable up and down while the line-space lever remains stationary, the pin on said pawl-arm or lever being lengthened, the arm carrying both said pin and said pawl being part of a frame which includes a second arm which is mounted concentrically with the ratchet-wheel and spaced from the first arm to leave a space for the linespace lever between said arms, said pin rigidly joining said arms, a cam adjustable about said arbor for unclutching the pawl from the ratchetwheel, adjustable members for varying the position of said pawl-releasing cam, one of said adjustable members for varying the measurement of the line-space unit and the other of said adjustable members for determining how many units are to be included in a platen-stroke, said releasing cam being rotatable about said ratchetwheel arbor and having a concentric cam portion for maintaining the pawl released during the idle part of the return stroke of the carriagereturning handle, one of said adjustable members including a regulating lever pivoted to said rotative cam-member at a point in front of the line-space arbor, said regulating lever having means to adjust said cam-member and having at its rear portion an adjustable fulcrum and having at its front portion a connection with a toothed rack, said lever having at its rear end a radial slot, a fulcrum-pin being mounted upon said platen-frame for adjustment in a direction coincident with said slot when said regulating lever is at about a zero position, said fulcrumpin being mounted upon a slide, a table mounted upon said platen-frame and supporting said slide at the under side of the table, means for guiding said slide diagonally, said fulcrum-pin being the other one of said adjustable members and depending from said slide, a finger-piece upon said slide and extending up through a guide-slot in the table, and slotted means cooperative with said pin for guiding said slide.

20. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a line-spaced member, of a line-space wheel to drive the same, a line-space drive-train having a clutch which is normally unclutched from said wheel, and a line-space regulating train entirely stationary during the operation of said drive-train and including an adjustable clutch-releaser that is effective to release said clutch during the return stroke of the drive-train, said regulating train including a lever having a compound control over the position of said releaser, said lever having a fulcrum universally adjustable independently of said drive-train, to effect minute variations in the position of the releaser.

21. The combination with a line-space wheel having an axis, of a forwardly-extending linespacing drive-train, a line-space-regulator train including a regulator-lever having pivoted thereto in front of said axis a regulator-arm, the latter pivoted concentrically with said wheel and having means for controlling the connection of said drive-train with said wheel, and a fulcrumdevice in rear of said axis and adjustable, independently of said drive-train, for minutely varying the leverage of said regulator-lever.

22. The combination with a line-space wheel having an axis, of a forwardly-extending linespacing drive-train, a ,line-space-regulator train including a regulator-lever having pivoted thereto in front of said axis a regulator-arm, the latter pivoted concentrically with said wheel and having means for controlling the connection of said drive-train with said wheel, a fulcrumdevice in rear of said axis and adjustable, independently of said drive-train, for minutely varying the leverage of said regulator-lever, means to detain said regulator-lever selectively at different set stations, anda stop to arrest said driving train at the same position for driving strokes of all extents.

23. The combination of'a line-space wheel provided with an arbor and having a multitude of minute teeth, a line-spacing train including a forwardly-extending line-space lever and a wheel-driving pawl, a line-space-regulator train which includes a regulator-lever fulcrumed in rear of said arbor and having pivoted thereto in front of said arbor a regulator-arm, the latter having means for releasing said pawl from said wheel, a device for adjusting the fulcrum of said regulator-lever independently of said line-spacing train, a rack, and means to detain said regulator-lever selectively at different points in said rack.

24. The combination of a line-space wheel provided with an arbor and having a multitude of minute teeth, a line-spacing train including a lever and a wheel-driving pawl, a line-spaceregulator train which includes a regulator-lever having pivoted thereto a regulator-arm, the latter having means for releasing said pawl from said wheel, a device for adjusting the fulcrum of said regulating lever independently of said line-spacing train, a rack, means to detain said regulator-lever selectively at different points in said rack, and a single step to arrest said line-space lever at the same position for driving strokes of all extents.

25. The combination with a line-space wheel, of a line-space lever, a clutch for driving said line-space wheel, a stop to arrest the driving stroke of the line-space lever, a line-space-regu-.

lator train including a lever and means pivoted to said regulating lever to release said clutch from said wheel, a locating rack to co-operate with said regulator-lever to retain it selectively at predetermined locations, said regulator-lever having a fulcrum adjustable independently of wheel, a line-spacing train including both a lever and a movement-multiplying arm driven thereby, the arm being mounted to rotate coaxially with said line-space wheel, a clutch operated by said arm, a line-space-regulating train including a lever and also including a releasing device for said clutch, said releasing device pivoted coaxially with said wheel, and pivoted to said regulating lever, and means for varying the leverage of said regulating lever upon said releasing device, by adjusting the fulcrum of said regulating lever independently of said line-spacing train, and a movement-reducing train between the line-space wheel and the platen.

27. The combination of a line-space wheel, a line-spacing train which includes both a lever and a movement-multiplying arm which the lever directly drives, said arm mounted to rotate coaxially with said line-space wheel, a clutch for connecting said arm to said wheel, a line-spaceregulating train including a forwardly-extending lever having a fulcrum at the rear of the wheel and adjustable independently of said line-spacing train, said regulating train including a clutch-releasing arm pivoted to said regulating lever forwardly of the wheel-axis, a system of stations, means for detaining said regulating arm at any station, and a movement-reducing train between the line-space wheel and the platen.

28. In a line-spacing mechanism, the combination of a line-spacing wheel, a line-space handle, a movement-multiplying arm which is driven by said line-space handle, the latter having a driving clutch for said line-space wheel,

said clutch-arm being pivoted to turn about the axis of the line-space wheel, a regulating lever having'a fulcrum, and means co-operative with said fulcrum and adjustable independently of said line-space handle for varying the extent of line-space movement, said clutch having a projection, and a releasing cam in the path thereof, said cam being settable by said lever to regulate the length of the line-spacing movement, and having a segmental portion or ward to maintain the clutch released during the remainder of the return stroke of the clutch-arm.

29. The combination of a line-space wheel having teeth of minute pitch, a pawl therefor, a driver mounted to swing about the axis of said wheel for driving said pawl, means to operate said driver, a stop to arrest said pawl and linespace wheel, an arm adjustable about the axis of said wheel and having a segmental cam or ward for intercepting said pawl to release it upon the return stroke of said driver and to maintain the pawl released during the further return movement of said driver, a regulating lever pivoted to said releasing arm, and a fulcrum, ad-

justable independently of said dri rer-operating means, for said lever for varying its leverage up-' on said arm.

30. The combination of a line-space wheel having teeth of minute pitch, a pawl therefor, a driver mounted to swing about the axis of said wheel for driving said pawl, means to operate said driver, a stop to arrest said pawl and linespace wheel, an arm adjustable about the axis of said wheel and having a segmental cam or ward for intercepting said pawl to release it upon the return stroke of said driver and to maintain the pawl released during the further return movement of said driver, a regulating lever pivoted tosaid releasing arm, a fulcrum,

adjustable independently of said driver-operating means, for said lever for varying its leverage upon said arm, and a rack co-operating with' said lever to locate it selectively at set positions.

31. In a line-spacing mechanism, the combination with a platen and a line-space wheel moving at every stroke through a substantially greater angle than the work-sheet, but always less than one entire revolution, of a movementreducing train whereby the line-space wheel drives the platen, a driving train for said linespace wheel including a lever having a uniform strokefor all line-space adjustments, a movement-multiplying arm driven thereby, to multiply the angular motion of the wheel several times over the motion of the platen, a clutch actuated by said arm, said clutch being normally disengaged from said wheel and provided with means for automatically clutching the arm to the wheel upon the driving stroke of said lever, a clutch-locking stop to limit the linespacing stroke of the lever, an adjustable arm having a clutch-releaser, and a micrometric line-space regulating mechanism connected to adjust said clutch-releasing arm, said clutchreleaser' effective first to release the clutch and then to maintain theclutch released throughout the remainder of the return stroke of the clutcharm, whereby the micrometric regulating train may be selectively set without disturbing said line-space wheel.

32. The combinationwith a platen to carry the work, of a line-space wheel having minute teeth and having a maximum line-space stroke of less than one revolution and connected by movement-reducing gearing to the platen, so that a movement of the line-space wheel to an extent of many teeth is required for effecting a minimum line-spacing of the platen, a driverhaving a pawl for engaging said teeth, said driver forming part of a motion-multiplying drive-train which multiplies the angular motion of the wheel several times over the motion of the platen, a pawl-releaser mounted for adjust! ment about the axis of said wheel and having a segmental ward of a length about equal to the stroke of said driver and engageable with said pawl to release the same, said releaser and ward being adjustable about the axis of said wheel, and the extent of adjustment of said releaser being several times as great as the variation in work-spacing movement that results from said adjustment, and a mechanism for effecting micrometric adjustments of said pawl-releaser.

33. In a line-spacing mechanism for typewriters, the combination with a line-spaced member, of a line-space wheel having minute teeth, and moving less than a revolution but much farther .than the line-spaced member .at every stroke, a motion-multiplying line-space lever train normally unclutched from said wheel and having one length of stroke, to impart to said wheel an angular motion substantially multiplied over the motion of the line-spaced member, a clutch between the lever and the wheel, a line-space regulating trainentirely stationary during the operation of the line-space lever and including an adjustable clutchreleaser that is efiective upon said clutch during the return stroke of the line-space lever to release the same, a movement-reducing drivetrain connected from said line-space wheel to said line-spaced member, and micrometer mechnism for effecting universal adjustment of said clutch-releaser, regardless of the pitch of the teeth of the line-space wheel, for minutely varying the extent of the line-spacing movement of the line-spaced member.

34. In a line-spacing mechanism, the combination of the following elements: a platen provided with an axle journaled in a platen-frame, a line-space wheel having teeth of minute pitch,

a driving arm carrying a pawl for engaging said teeth, said arm rotatable with the wheel when said teeth and pawl are engaged, a settable cam for predetermining the engagement of said pawl and teeth, a lever having a fulcrum at one end, said fulcrum adjustable independently of said driving arm, for varying the measure of a linespace unit, means at the other end of said lever for predetermining the multiples of said unit, and connections between said lever and cam, whereby the adjustments of said lever are transferred to said cam.

BURNHAM C. STICKNEY. 

